PLOS (Public Library Of Science) Biology Blog: 3D Printing Labware:
Open Labware: 3-D Printing Your Own Lab Equipment, by This has come up before. This article gives a fresh look. I notice that the precision of a printed pipetter depends upon the precision of the printer.
Make magazine had an issue in 2014 with reviews of several 3D printers.
One of the most fantastic developments of the Maker community is the development of "open source" libraries of digital blueprints. One of the most obvious is Thingiverse. Thingaverse is connected with Makerbot, a manufacturer and developer of printers. William's 6th grade class had two Makerbots, as well as a scanner.
Thingiverse (as an example) is first of all a library of digital blueprints for 3D printable objects. Plans are "open source": the plans are downloadable, executable on a printer, and MODIFIABLE. Even more fantastic, modified and improved plans are uploadable. Commericalization is already apparent in the world of 3D printing. To what extent this is enabling, and supports further innovation, is an open book, but my opinion is that close source, proprietary "innovation" is problematical. Copyright issues, according to Wikipedia's article about the Thingaverse, are already cropping up.
Here is a link to what appears to be a "microscope collection" at Thingaverse. Wow.
My spirits are lifted by the stories of collaboration to improve designs, or to adapt openly contributed designs for one's specific need. For example, I want to print (when I have a printer) a microscope and a macroscope for my cell phone, and to adapt one of them to fit the objective lense of my own microscope. In mere months, I have seen a large number of improvements in designs for these kinds of Things appear on thingiverse.
At Ace Monster Toys, a maker space in Emeryville, CA, I understand, a 3D Printer Interest Group exists, where members help one another to make printers. William has a Raspberry Pi (RP). The next step is an Arduino. Several 3D printer designs rely upon the Arduino as the controller. We are looking for an affordable display for the RP.
Friday, March 27, 2015
Wednesday, December 24, 2014
Happy Holidays: Grav-mas
It came as news to me that Isaac Newton's birthday is December 25. This web page celebrates Grav-mas.
2 thumbs up !
2 thumbs up !
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
Paywalls erected on economically disadvantaged Islands
This gets at probably the most indefensible aspect of the proprietary publication of scientific literature. I discovered a paper through a google scholar search, about Lantana camara, a disastrous introduction in Micronesia. I have lived where this plant is an invasive species, where the thorny shrubs are an impediment, when hiking through the boonies, in Chuuk Lagoon. The story goes that a woman of Chuuk, some years ago, saw these beautiful flowers on Saipan, and brought them home to introduce to her own garden at home. Birds scattered the seeds. The thorny bushes soon became a presence in the forests, where they are like brambles, albeit with shorter thorns.
I was privileged to work in Chuuk and on Saipan, both, as an Environmental Science teacher, in high school and at community colleges of both island groups. It was my responsibility to research---using whatever meager resources may have been at my disposal---significant issues, and, in the process of learning about them myself, share this knowledge with the true stakeholders, the native people upon whose efforts will hinge the ultimate fate of the islands themselves, and future generations.
It is impossible to explain the depths of my anger when I have seen important literature that has been inaccessible to me, because of the policies of the publishers of scientific literature, and textbooks. The same goes for health issues, and marine resources and their management. The proprietary publishers are the handmaidens of the scientific elitists who drift like flotsam through the islands, and brandish their superiority about, in their arrogance and conceit. They publish papers, build careers upon their remarkable publishing records. In Chuuk, one is amazed that the word "scientist" means someone who can read other peoples's minds.
Not all scientists---in fact, perhaps only a few of them---exhibit such a painful countenance; but the papers even of the humblest among them, the fruit of the research they have performed in the islands, is as often as not unavailable to any islander who may wish to avail of the knowledge therein.
This unacceptable situation is exemplified here by the following screen shot of my computer, when I was doing a google search and discovered a paper about Lantana camara. I thought, "this is a paper worth having a look at: someone in Micronesia needs this paper." But, unfortunately, it is behind a paywall. Take heed of the following.
Notice that this article alone would cost 46.00.
Luckily I can now access this literature at a nearby library. This is of little help to the ones who truly need this knowledge: students, teachers, and just plain people of the islands. Actually, NO HELP.
 | |
| Lantana camara. Photo from Wikipedia. |
I was privileged to work in Chuuk and on Saipan, both, as an Environmental Science teacher, in high school and at community colleges of both island groups. It was my responsibility to research---using whatever meager resources may have been at my disposal---significant issues, and, in the process of learning about them myself, share this knowledge with the true stakeholders, the native people upon whose efforts will hinge the ultimate fate of the islands themselves, and future generations.
It is impossible to explain the depths of my anger when I have seen important literature that has been inaccessible to me, because of the policies of the publishers of scientific literature, and textbooks. The same goes for health issues, and marine resources and their management. The proprietary publishers are the handmaidens of the scientific elitists who drift like flotsam through the islands, and brandish their superiority about, in their arrogance and conceit. They publish papers, build careers upon their remarkable publishing records. In Chuuk, one is amazed that the word "scientist" means someone who can read other peoples's minds.
Not all scientists---in fact, perhaps only a few of them---exhibit such a painful countenance; but the papers even of the humblest among them, the fruit of the research they have performed in the islands, is as often as not unavailable to any islander who may wish to avail of the knowledge therein.
This unacceptable situation is exemplified here by the following screen shot of my computer, when I was doing a google search and discovered a paper about Lantana camara. I thought, "this is a paper worth having a look at: someone in Micronesia needs this paper." But, unfortunately, it is behind a paywall. Take heed of the following.
Notice that this article alone would cost 46.00.
Luckily I can now access this literature at a nearby library. This is of little help to the ones who truly need this knowledge: students, teachers, and just plain people of the islands. Actually, NO HELP.
Saturday, November 15, 2014
Just Good Enough, Bricoleurs, and Convenient Inconvenience
In The Savaga Mind Claude Levi-Strauss referred to Bricoleurs. Amen. Nuf said for now.
I remembered this when trying to fix a clogged faucet, one of those pull out jobs with a sprayhead. I cannot find an instruction on the Internet for disassembly of the sprayhead: it is assumed that one just pops over to the nearest Home Depot and buys a replacement. This is intended as a commentary on our society. The throw away society. In one of the coolest videos ever, that was actually not a youtube video, but was posted there, a 13 year old Canadian girl and her friends got some money together to attend a climate conference in Brazil, where she spoke out to the assembled powerful and rich about many things. Unforgettably, she said "we buy and throw away, buy and throw away, and yet northern countries will not share with the needy. Even when we have more than enough, we are afraid to lose some of our wealth, afraid to share." The transcript for that speech is found here, among other places.
Marshallese fishermen use the odd beer can on the beach, tearing it to form a knife edge, to clean a fish. Or, if that isn't enough, find broken glass to put to the same task. Primitively, men did the same thing---utilize what is available to solve the problem.
I will call this is a designed inconvenience, now a part of how we think. You need a youtube HOWTO video to figure out how to unscrew a showerhead, buy a replacement (even being given a selection of local outlets), and screw the new one back on. But to take it apart? A special tool would probably cost double the showerhead. It's the way we think.
Why does this remind me of the concept of "Just Good Enough," pointed out to me by my friend Craig Smith. I think this is what it is: no longer interested in making a high quality photograph, with fine resolution and perfect composition, dust spots touched up, mounted on a matt in a golden triangle---we now are pleased enough with a crappy digital shot made with a phone. The phones get better, even digital point and shoots, but they never achieve that excellence we once found essential. The quality of a recording made with a cell phone is just good enough. Perhaps I have subverted this idea to my own means. It is referred on Wikipedia as The Principle of Good Enough. The kernel of it is cited as follows:
Enough said.
Or maybe not: the Internet has been devolving into an operating system for consumerism appliances.
I remembered this when trying to fix a clogged faucet, one of those pull out jobs with a sprayhead. I cannot find an instruction on the Internet for disassembly of the sprayhead: it is assumed that one just pops over to the nearest Home Depot and buys a replacement. This is intended as a commentary on our society. The throw away society. In one of the coolest videos ever, that was actually not a youtube video, but was posted there, a 13 year old Canadian girl and her friends got some money together to attend a climate conference in Brazil, where she spoke out to the assembled powerful and rich about many things. Unforgettably, she said "we buy and throw away, buy and throw away, and yet northern countries will not share with the needy. Even when we have more than enough, we are afraid to lose some of our wealth, afraid to share." The transcript for that speech is found here, among other places.
Marshallese fishermen use the odd beer can on the beach, tearing it to form a knife edge, to clean a fish. Or, if that isn't enough, find broken glass to put to the same task. Primitively, men did the same thing---utilize what is available to solve the problem.
I will call this is a designed inconvenience, now a part of how we think. You need a youtube HOWTO video to figure out how to unscrew a showerhead, buy a replacement (even being given a selection of local outlets), and screw the new one back on. But to take it apart? A special tool would probably cost double the showerhead. It's the way we think.
Why does this remind me of the concept of "Just Good Enough," pointed out to me by my friend Craig Smith. I think this is what it is: no longer interested in making a high quality photograph, with fine resolution and perfect composition, dust spots touched up, mounted on a matt in a golden triangle---we now are pleased enough with a crappy digital shot made with a phone. The phones get better, even digital point and shoots, but they never achieve that excellence we once found essential. The quality of a recording made with a cell phone is just good enough. Perhaps I have subverted this idea to my own means. It is referred on Wikipedia as The Principle of Good Enough. The kernel of it is cited as follows:
The principle of good enough or "good enough" principle is a rule for software and systems design. It indicates that consumers will use products that are good enough for their requirements, despite the availability of more advanced technology.[1]
Enough said.
Or maybe not: the Internet has been devolving into an operating system for consumerism appliances.
Wednesday, November 12, 2014
Inappropriateness of western school architecture in the third world
On Saipan and in Chuuk, where I spent 24 years of my life as a teacher, the school structures are inappropriate for the climate, not to mention culturally. I get it: concrete block houses are much to be preferred in a typhoon; they are cleaner; they are drier. See this article. Where traditional houses were open, with thatched rooves, the modern equivalent use roofing tin, plywood, lumber, concrete or concrete blocks. I have lived through a few typhoons, in various circumstances. Our home was blown away in Typhoon Nina, in Chuuk, in 1987, while I slept in the concrete "tilt-up" home next door. I cannot but wonder what it would have been like to hunker down in a thatched structure through a serious typhoon. Many, indeed most, islands in Micronesia are less than 10 feet above the highest high tide mark, and during intense typhoons they may be washed over. One has heard stories of women giving birth in the tops of coconut trees. Concrete homes, to the Micronesian family, represent a huge improvement in living conditions, in this respect.
But the tropics are humid, and can be hot. Micronesian islands, being as they are oceanic, are not as hot as some, and thatched structures can render conditions tolerable, even comfortable. Concrete block structures, or even plywood structures, are poorly ventilated; they can be uncomfortable. One supposes that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but the simple local structure---whether thatched, with the very best ventilation, or a shack hastily cobbled together out of plywood, parts of trees, stones, coral rock, and roofing tin---seems to fit the circumstances much, much more comfortably and appropriately. Life in the islands under these circumstances is, in my mind, a joy. Inside the air conditioned concrete buildings, with glass windows and doors, sealed against nature and the climate: not so much.
It has been said that Robert Gibson, the first Director of Education of the US Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (US TTPI), commented on his inaugural plane trip to Micronesia, that his vision was explicitly NOT to build another Americal Educational System. One assumes that he was referring to the curriculum and the teaching model, but the infrastructure may be an apt parallel. The curriculums that were adopted over the years have become more and more American in terms of content, as well as teaching models, until today, the revisions engendered by the "No Child Left Behind" programs in the US DOE have become incorporated into the schools of American Micronesia, especially as it is linked to funding and testing.
But it wasn't only the educational programs that have become westernized. Americanized. The school infrastructures are as modernly American as the best minds of Micronesia (as trained in American schools) have been able to make them. Let me emphasize: it wasn't only Americans who most energetically worked for the building of schools on a *modern* model.
Working in schools in Micronesia, I have often joked, "how much better adapted to the tropics are thatched rooves and open rooms?" Alright, it's not that easy, not that simple...
Here's the point of this post: a huge proportion of the pathetic budget of the local school district, on Saipan, is spent on energy. Classes come to a standstill when air conditioners are broken, or power is off. This is the tropics. Humidity should not be a show stopper. A significant part of the power bill goes to paying for electric power. At least one school has an alternative energy project, making some small progress in eliminating dependency; the costs are incredible.
When did we hear architecture discussed? I have been in homes that are comforable without air conditioning. These buildings seemingly were designed with other thoughts in mind.
We haven't even started on the "digital divide." Or the appropriate curriculum framework for the islands. Why is English a required subject for every student, in all grade levels; when local languages are either not taught, or taught as an afterthought. Is this an adequate indication that these are Transplanted American Educational Systems? I am aware of more sophisticated aspects of native micronesian languages, that are known by very few: is it not worth the money or time to teach these---while they still are accessible. The decline is underway.
Money talks.
The article comes from a different direction, but no doubt about it, school infrastrucure lacks.
Once the fish are gone, the games are on.
Tuesday, November 11, 2014
Non disclosure: a couple of perspectives
In re the realities in Fukushima
It seems that a pall of suspicion has lingered in the air, over whether TEPCO and/or the Japanese government has been forthcoming about the parameters of the after-effects of the Fukushima meltdown. Some attention has focused, perhaps even more, in the recent months, on Cesium in the Ocean off the West Coast. The pall of mistrust still lingers---who is telling the truth?
Comparing Disclosure of Cancer to patients in the US and Japan
I recall from readings in Medical Anthropology a distinction in the way cancer is handled in Japan and in Western cultures. In Japan, the patient is less likely to be informed, while the family is informed of the diagnosis of Cancer. This holds true for Adolescents as well. One recent article calls attention to possible anomalies in the incidence of recent cases of Thyroid cancer in children, and assertations by the goverment that the cases are likely unrelated to exposure to radiation at Fukushima:
“It is likely (the 44 children) developed tumors or lumps before the nuclear accident,” the Japanese daily cites a Fukushima prefectural government official as saying.Further information from that article:
However, Christopher Busby from the European Committee on Radiation Risks (ECRR) wrote for RT that “the 2005 Japanese national incidence rate for thyroid cancer in the age bracket 0-18 is given in a recent peer reviewed report as 0.0 per 100,000.”
Busby argues that based on the ECRR’s scientific model, there could be “some 200,000 extra cancers in roughly 10 million of the population in the 200km radius of the site in the next 10 years, and 400,000 over 50 years.”
He further notes that the risk model currently employed by the Japanese government predicts “no detectable cancers will be seen as a result of the ‘very low doses’ received by the population.”
He has said their model, the International Commission of Radiological Protection, has produced results which can only be characterized as “nonsense.”
Local residents have been highly critical of the prefectural government’s alleged downplaying of the risk of radiation exposure, the accuracy of its thyroid testing and the means by which information is disclosed.
It occurs to me that the appalling tendency toward lack of accurate information may be conditioned by the same cultural features that incline family members in Japan to not inform a cancer patient of her diagnosis.
Just thinking aloud. To think further about this would require one to stand aside from his own cultural biases. This is a very difficult thing to do. Very.
More reason to reassess, or to fear?
From another article: Is this a conspiracy or a plan?Tokyo Shimbun, December 31, 2013, with translation by Fukushima Voice (version 2e), published Jan. 6, 2014: It was discovered that the memorandum of cooperation between the IAEA and Fukushima as well as Fukui Prefectures contain a confidentiality clause [...] critics say “it could be preempting the State Secrecy Protection Law.” [...] In Fukushima Prefecture, it was the prefectural government that entered into an agreement with IAEA in the area of decontamination and radioactive waste management, whereas Fukushima Medical University entered into an agreement with IAEA in the area of the survey of radiological effect on human health. [...] “The Parties will ensure the confidentiality of information classified by the other Party as restricted or confidential.” [...] if either the prefectures or IAEA decide to classify information for “they contribute to worsening of the residents’ anxiety,” there is a possibility that such information as the accident information, as well as radiation measurement data and thyroid cancer information may not be publicized. [...] IAEA has published reports, after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, stating “there were no health effects due to radiation exposure.” [...]
Thursday, October 16, 2014
Looking over my shoulder: Typhoon Nina, November 21, 1987, in Chuuk
My family lived through this typhoon on the Island of Moen (now known as Weno), four before the first birthday of my first son, Forrest. This was a memorable occasion for me, on several counts. I had just recently started to work at Chuuk High School: my classroom was destroyed, as were many at the school. The house we were living in was destroyed: the tin roof landed, intact, some 100 feet away from the former house site; fortunately it missed the house we were sheltering in. It was my first payday, a substantial paycheck covering five pay periods remained uncashed, and provided a source of cash start our recovery. Susumu's Store had to sell of all frozen food, as there was not power to run the freezers, so for Forrest's mandatory birthday party, we were able to buy a large quantity of whole frozen chickens for US$7.00 per each 20 or 30 pound case.
That night, the Chuuk Weather Station did not receive any forewarning of the arrival of the Typhoon, due to a convergence of factors. Typhoon Nina was the first storm in Micronesia for which typhoon chaser planes did not fly---a stormy beginning for the now incredibly effective satellite-based storm monitoring of the Joint Typhoon Warning System (http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/). If I recall correctly, radio communications were also lacking that night between the Chuuk Weather Office and the JTWC on Guam. When the typhoon struck, it was without warning.
The winds were not strong, looking at the numbers, but the destruction was impressive. Many homes in Chuuk were built out of plywood and "tin roofing"---corrugated iron. Looking back, it seems incredible that more people are not injured by flying roofing material. Looting was rampant. We later found pieces of a unique type of roofing from our house on a neighbor's re-built house. Much of my science gear was lost. My camera was among the first items lost. Some of my science gear was in the classroom, completely destroyed. During my last year at UCSB, realizing I would be teaching in Chuuk, and that opportunities for research and study existed, I had xeroxed several boxes of material for reading and reference. These were scattered far and wide, in a second. Books were reduced to a soggy mush.
FEMA came to Chuuk immediately. C130s brought in relief materials. Soon a new phrase was heard all over the islands: "ke pach, ke tento." If you have connections, you get a tent. It was true: the governor's family, it was well known, were recipents of a large share of tents and other relief supplies. Finally, I think my family got some tents. When FEMA inspectors came through to assess the damage, I was asked, are you working? I said I had a job, even though I had only just started. For this reason, and because I didn't have the right DNA, I suppose, I was told that I could take out a loan from the SBA to cover my losses. I guess it doesn't make a FEMA inspector feel as good to help one of their own, as to reach out to the third world needful people. I spent weeks making a comprehensive list of everything had lost which came to 10--12,000 dollars. It took many months, but eventually I received a loan for 8,000.00 to cover the house and my materials. FEMA did provide assistance for some of the losses of my family. Inequity was the order of the day.
Today, 27 years on, a Google search on Typhoon Nina is telling. Even though the wind speeds were moderate in Chuuk, it turns out to have been one of the most destructive Supertyphoons in Philippines history. Available now are storm tracks.
Here is the track published on http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/12WorstPhilippineTyphoons.htm.
Information for this typhoon in the PI:
From the Wikipedia article on Typhoon Nina (are you kidding me? Awesome!):
We built an experimental structure, made of Burlap Reinforced Plaster, 8x12 feet, which became our home. That is another story, but a really interesting one.
That night, the Chuuk Weather Station did not receive any forewarning of the arrival of the Typhoon, due to a convergence of factors. Typhoon Nina was the first storm in Micronesia for which typhoon chaser planes did not fly---a stormy beginning for the now incredibly effective satellite-based storm monitoring of the Joint Typhoon Warning System (http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/). If I recall correctly, radio communications were also lacking that night between the Chuuk Weather Office and the JTWC on Guam. When the typhoon struck, it was without warning.
The winds were not strong, looking at the numbers, but the destruction was impressive. Many homes in Chuuk were built out of plywood and "tin roofing"---corrugated iron. Looking back, it seems incredible that more people are not injured by flying roofing material. Looting was rampant. We later found pieces of a unique type of roofing from our house on a neighbor's re-built house. Much of my science gear was lost. My camera was among the first items lost. Some of my science gear was in the classroom, completely destroyed. During my last year at UCSB, realizing I would be teaching in Chuuk, and that opportunities for research and study existed, I had xeroxed several boxes of material for reading and reference. These were scattered far and wide, in a second. Books were reduced to a soggy mush.
FEMA came to Chuuk immediately. C130s brought in relief materials. Soon a new phrase was heard all over the islands: "ke pach, ke tento." If you have connections, you get a tent. It was true: the governor's family, it was well known, were recipents of a large share of tents and other relief supplies. Finally, I think my family got some tents. When FEMA inspectors came through to assess the damage, I was asked, are you working? I said I had a job, even though I had only just started. For this reason, and because I didn't have the right DNA, I suppose, I was told that I could take out a loan from the SBA to cover my losses. I guess it doesn't make a FEMA inspector feel as good to help one of their own, as to reach out to the third world needful people. I spent weeks making a comprehensive list of everything had lost which came to 10--12,000 dollars. It took many months, but eventually I received a loan for 8,000.00 to cover the house and my materials. FEMA did provide assistance for some of the losses of my family. Inequity was the order of the day.
Today, 27 years on, a Google search on Typhoon Nina is telling. Even though the wind speeds were moderate in Chuuk, it turns out to have been one of the most destructive Supertyphoons in Philippines history. Available now are storm tracks.
Here is the track published on http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/12WorstPhilippineTyphoons.htm.
Information for this typhoon in the PI:
Super Typhoon “SISANG” (Nina)Here is the map of storm tracks for the 1997 typhoon season, from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Pacific_typhoon_season#mediaviewer/File:1987_Pacific_typhoon_season_summary.jpg)
November 23-27, 1987
240 kph
979 deaths
PhP 1.119B damage
From the Wikipedia article on Typhoon Nina (are you kidding me? Awesome!):
Federated States of Micronesia
After passing near Truk, which has a population of 42,000, Typhoon Nina brought heavy damage to the area. In the capital of Meon, 85% of homes and 50% of government buildings were damaged.[6] There, communication lines were downed.[7] Hundreds of people were evacuated while the typhoon also inflicted severe crop damage.[8] Throughout the atoll, four lives were lost,[7] including a woman and a 14-year-old boy were killed by a falling breadfruit tree and an 11-year-old girl died after her leg was struck by a piece of flying metal.[8] One person was reported missing. Over 1,000 people were rendered homeless[9] while roughly 1,000 homes were damaged.[10] Damaged from the storm ranged from $30-40 million (1987 USD) and 39 were wounded.[11]
We built an experimental structure, made of Burlap Reinforced Plaster, 8x12 feet, which became our home. That is another story, but a really interesting one.
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